Reporting Verbs: A Crucial Tool for Establishing Stance in Writing
In academic and scholarly writing, the stance we adopt is not just a reflection of our beliefs and opinions, but a carefully crafted position that gives shape and direction to our argument. A key tool in establishing this stance is the use of reporting verbs. In this post, we will explore the concepts of reporting verbs and stance, and the symbiotic relationship between the two.
What is Stance?
Stance in writing refers to the attitude, position, or perspective a writer adopts regarding the subject they are discussing. It is a multi-dimensional concept that encompasses the writer’s judgment, commitment, value orientation, and emotional disposition toward the content. Stance can be tentative, neutral, strong, or anything in between, and is often manifested through specific linguistic choices, such as the use of reporting verbs.
What Are Reporting Verbs?
Reporting verbs are used to refer to another author’s work, reflecting the writer’s attitude toward that work; they provide context and insight into how a writer perceives the information they are presenting.
Establishing Stance Through Reporting Verbs
Reporting verbs can be used to create different stances:
Tentative Stance: Conveys uncertainty or caution.
- Example: “Some researchers suggest that Barbie’s portrayal may influence young children’s perception of body image, but the evidence is not conclusive.”
Neutral Stance: Presents information without conveying a strong personal stance.
- Example: “According to a recent study, Barbie represents certain cultural beauty standards that are prevalent in society.”
Strong Stance: Uses assertive language to express a firm stance or conviction.
- Example: “Critics argue that Barbie’s unrealistic body proportions have a detrimental effect on young girls’ self-esteem.”
Further Exploration of Stance through Reporting Verbs
- Presenting Evidence: Emphasize validity with “demonstrate” or “prove.”
- Expressing Agreement or Disagreement: Align or contrast with verbs like “agree” or “dispute.”
- Indicating Uncertainty: Express caution with “suggest” or “imply.”
- Creating a Balanced Argument: Use a variety of reporting verbs for a balanced and thoughtful argument.
Grammar of Reporting Verbs
Reporting verbs are not only vital for representing stance but also follow specific grammatical patterns that writers must be mindful of to ensure accurate communication. They are often followed by a ‘that’ clause, although this pattern does not apply to all verbs. Consider the following examples:
- Johnson (2021) argues that the impact of technology on education is profound. [argue + that]
- Thompson (2017) concurs with Patterson (2015) that online learning is transforming education. [concur with ___ + that]
- Miller (2019) urges educators to incorporate more hands-on experiences in their curriculum. [urges ___ to ___]
It’s worth noting that reporting verbs are usually acceptable in either past or present tense. Using the present tense is more common, as it brings past research into the present, making it feel more current and vital. However, individual courses may have special requirements, so checking the style guide for assignments is always advisable.
Examples of usage for the most common reporting verbs are often given in tables, and understanding these examples can greatly assist writers in accurately portraying stance and argument.
Conclusion
Reporting verbs and stance are intertwined concepts essential to skillful writing. Understanding the nuances of both enables us to craft persuasive, thoughtful arguments that resonate with our readers. Through careful consideration of the language we use, we can align our writing with our intentions, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of our communication.